Prediabetes: toofan ke phele ki shanti…..indication before you actually are diabetic. ….body gives you a lot of signal, if you act at right time you are saved.
Screen out diabetes in pre-diabetes state
India is fast becoming the world diabetes capital….hence…. it is very important to screen out diabetes in pre-diabetes state.
Prediabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be called diabetes. It is often described as the “gray area” between normal blood sugar and diabetic levels. While in this range, patients are at risk for not only developing type 2 diabetes, but also for cardiovascular complications.
Screening
Fasting plasma glucose screening should begin at age 30-45 and be repeated at least every three years. Earlier and more frequent screening should be conducted in at-risk individuals. The risk factors for which are listed below:
– Family history (parent or sibling)
– Dyslipidemia (triglycerides > 200 or HDL < 35) – Overweight or obese (body mass index > 25)
– History of gestational diabetes or infant born with birth weight greater than 9 lb (4 kg)
– Hypertension (systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg)
– Prior fasting blood glucose > 99
– Known vascular disease
– Markers of insulin resistance (PCOS)
Diagnosis
Prediabetes is usually diagnosed with a blood test:
– Fasting blood sugar (glucose) level of: 100 to 125 mg/dL
– Two hour glucose tolerance test after ingesting the standardized 75 Gm glucose solution the blood sugar level of 140 to 199 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.0 mM).
– Glycated hemoglobin between 5.7 and 6.4 percent
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Levels above these limits would be a diagnosis for diabetes.
Pre-diabetes raises short-term absolute risk of Type 2 diabetes five to six fold, and in some populations this maybe even higher.
Management
Persons with prediabetes actually have the same complications as persons with diabetes—only less frequently.
The preferred treatment approach for all the abnormalities of persons in this group is intensive lifestyle management.
Intensive weight loss and lifestyle intervention, if sustained, can substantially improve glucose tolerance and prevent progression from IGT to type 2 diabetes.
Persons with pre- diabetes should reduce weight by 5-10 percent with long-term maintenance at this level. Even modest weight loss (seven to ten percent of body weight) results in decreased fat mass, blood pressure, glucose, low density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. A program of regular moderate-intensity physical activity for 30-60 minutes daily, at least five days a week is recommended.
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